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Power system, types of faults and their consequences.

Definition: A power system can be defined as a system that deals with the principles of generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy. The single line diagram of a power system network is as shown below Generally, most of the time the power system network operates in normal conditions i.e the electrical quantities like voltage, current, and frequency are within the specified limits. But sometimes the network may experience some abnormal conditions in the electrical quantities due to the occurrence of faults. Now, we cannot stop the occurrence of these faults since the overhead lines are exposed to atmospheric conditions.  Classifications of faults The electrical faults are generally classified as: Open circuit faults Short circuit faults However, they are further classified as: Open circuit faults occur in series with lines so they are generally called series faults. these faults occur due to the melting of conductors, snatching of conductors du...
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Synchronous generator Vs. Induction generator

A generator is an electrical machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.  Generators are generally classified as below: Synchronous generator Vs. Induction generator The difference between  Synchronous generator and Induction generator is as mentioned below: 1) Synchronous generator The field is excited by an external D.C excitation and the rotor is connected to prime mover. The synchronous generator always operates at synchronous speed (Ns). Since, the field is excited by an external D.C source, the synchronous generator can deliver both the real/true and reactive power. Real power is being supplied by prime mover input and reactive power is supplied by external D.C excitation connected to the field.  Hence, both real and reactive supplied can be controlled. Since, the reactive power can be fully controlled, the synchronous generator can be operated at all range of power factors (Lagging, Leading, Unity power factor). Efficiency is good. Suitable for ...
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Transformer-Definition, working principle, Dot convention.

Definition: The transformer is an electromagnetic energy conversion device, that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit without any change in frequency.  During this process of energy transfer, the energy is being converted from electrical to magnetic and back again to electrical energy. The part of the transformer that receives electrical energy from supply mains is known as a primary winding and the part that delivers electrical energy to the load is known as the secondary winding. Single phase transformer The primary and secondary windings of the transformer are not electrically connected but are magnetically coupled. Thus, the electrical energy received by the primary winding is first converted into magnetic energy and then it is converted back into electrical energy in the secondary winding. Working Principle of transformer: The basic working principle of a transformer is "faraday's law of electromagnetic induction" .      According to f...
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